publicHandler(@Nullable Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extendsHandler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } }
mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { thrownewRuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread() + " that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
publicbooleansendMessageAtTime(@NonNull Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueuequeue= mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeExceptione=newRuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); returnfalse; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); } ``` 可以看见,首先方法试图获取一个消息队列,如果获取不到则会发出警告并返回false,那么消息则发送失败,不了了之。否则,接下来会调用enqueueMessage方法,走进这个方法: ```java privatebooleanenqueueMessage(@NonNull MessageQueue queue, @NonNull Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; msg.workSourceUid = ThreadLocalWorkSource.getUid();
if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); } ``` 直接看最后一行,发现经过一系列方法,最终调用的是消息队列的enqueueMessage方法,也是消息队列工作较为重要的一个方法。走进这个方法: ```java booleanenqueueMessage(Message msg, longwhen) { if (msg.target == null) { thrownewIllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target."); }
synchronized (this) { if (msg.isInUse()) { thrownewIllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use."); }
if (mQuitting) { IllegalStateExceptione=newIllegalStateException( msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread"); Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e); msg.recycle(); returnfalse; }
msg.markInUse(); msg.when = when; Messagep= mMessages; boolean needWake; if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) { // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked. msg.next = p; mMessages = msg; needWake = mBlocked; } else { // Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue. needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous(); Message prev; for (;;) { prev = p; p = p.next; if (p == null || when < p.when) { break; } if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) { needWake = false; } } msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next prev.next = msg; }
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false. if (needWake) { nativeWake(mPtr); } } returntrue; } ``` 虽然上面的代码比较长,但其实只做了一件很简单的事情:向消息队列插入当前消息。 首先,我们要了解消息队列底层采用的数据结构。虽然称作队列,其本质上只是一个普通的单链表。这点可从message类的源码印证: ```java ... // sometimes we store linked lists of these things @UnsupportedAppUsage /*package*/ Message next; ...
Message next() { // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed. // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit // which is not supported. finallongptr= mPtr; if (ptr == 0) { returnnull; }
intpendingIdleHandlerCount= -1; // -1 only during first iteration intnextPollTimeoutMillis=0; for (;;) { if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) { Binder.flushPendingCommands(); }
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) { // Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found. finallongnow= SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); MessageprevMsg=null; Messagemsg= mMessages; if (msg != null && msg.target == null) { // Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue. do { prevMsg = msg; msg = msg.next; } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous()); } if (msg != null) { if (now < msg.when) { // Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready. nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE); } else { // Got a message. mBlocked = false; if (prevMsg != null) { prevMsg.next = msg.next; } else { mMessages = msg.next; } msg.next = null; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg); msg.markInUse(); return msg; } } else { // No more messages. nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1; }
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled. if (mQuitting) { dispose(); returnnull; }
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run. // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future. if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0 && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) { pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size(); } if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) { // No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more. mBlocked = true; continue; }
// Run the idle handlers. // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration. for (inti=0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) { finalIdleHandleridler= mPendingIdleHandlers[i]; mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
if (!keep) { synchronized (this) { mIdleHandlers.remove(idler); } } }
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again. pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting. nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0; } }
finallongnow= SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); MessageprevMsg=null; Messagemsg= mMessages; if (msg != null && msg.target == null) { // Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronousmessage in the queue. do { prevMsg = msg; msg = msg.next; } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous()); } if (msg != null) { if (now < msg.when) { // Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready. nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE); } else { // Got a message. mBlocked = false; if (prevMsg != null) { prevMsg.next = msg.next; } else { mMessages = msg.next; } msg.next = null; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg); msg.markInUse(); return msg; } } else { // No more messages. nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1; }
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled. if (mQuitting) { dispose(); returnnull; }
privatestaticvoidprepare(boolean quitAllowed) { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { thrownewRuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(newLooper(quitAllowed)); }
@Deprecated publicstaticvoidprepareMainLooper() { prepare(false); synchronized (Looper.class) { if (sMainLooper != null) { thrownewIllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared."); } sMainLooper = myLooper(); } } ``` 这个方法原本用于让ActivityThread创建主线程looper,但现在安卓环境会自己帮你创建,于是这个方法就被废弃了。现在,我们只需要知道主线程looper是系统自身已经创建好的,不需要自己再调用prepare方法创建。 下面我们开始介绍loop()方法。只有调用了loop(),消息循环才能真正起作用。 ```java publicstaticvoidloop() { finalLooperme= myLooper(); if (me == null) { thrownewRuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } if (me.mInLoop) { Slog.w(TAG, "Loop again would have the queued messages be executed" + " before this one completed."); }
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); finallongident= Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g. // adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start' finalintthresholdOverride= SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper." + Process.myUid() + "." + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ".slow", 0);
booleanslowDeliveryDetected=false;
for (;;) { Messagemsg= queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; }
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger finalPrinterlogging= me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } // Make sure the observer won't change while processing a transaction. finalObserverobserver= sObserver;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) { Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg)); }
finallongdispatchStart= needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; finallong dispatchEnd; Objecttoken=null; if (observer != null) { token = observer.messageDispatchStarting(); } longorigWorkSource= ThreadLocalWorkSource.setUid(msg.workSourceUid); try { msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (observer != null) { observer.messageDispatched(token, msg); } dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; } catch (Exception exception) { if (observer != null) { observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception); } throw exception; } finally { ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource); if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceEnd(traceTag); } } if (logSlowDelivery) { if (slowDeliveryDetected) { if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) { Slog.w(TAG, "Drained"); slowDeliveryDetected = false; } } else { if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery", msg)) { // Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains. slowDeliveryDetected = true; } } } if (logSlowDispatch) { showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg); }
if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); }
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. finallongnewIdent= Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); }
msg.recycleUnchecked(); } } ```java 提取出核心代码,其实loop的工作非常简单: ```java for(;;) { Messagemsg= queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } }
if (safe) { removeAllFutureMessagesLocked(); } else { removeAllMessagesLocked(); }
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false. nativeWake(mPtr); } } ``` 这里将消息队列的mQuitting设置为了true。再看next()中的一段代码: ```java // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled. if (mQuitting) { dispose(); returnnull; }